Integrating phytoremediation into treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewater: Field observations of native plants for the detoxification of metals and their potential as part of a multidisciplinary strategy

This work aimed to explore the use of native herbs for removal heavy metals from pulp and paper industry wastewater, with view applying them as part a multidisciplinary approach detoxification. Results showed that after in-situ phytoremediation by herbs, metal, metalloid contents in wastewater were reduced almost 60%. Heavy metal analysis plant tissues revealed Fe accumulation was highest all tested plants. In general, bioconcentration factor (BCF) higher than one (>1) except Cd, suggesting most concentrated tissues. particular, As significantly Momordica doica Cannabis sativa elevated BCF 269.46 131.20, respectively. High translocation observed P. hysterophorus Tribulus terrestris Cr (5.63) Cd (7.53), plants examined this study had hyperaccumulating tendency. Transmission electron microscope root abundant depositions cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole strong evidence capability these Antioxidants activities such superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase production also noted be control. These results support novel green process can integrated into treatment hazardous industrial polluted sites.